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Phenylpiracetam 77472-71-0 - High Purity Nootropic Supplier and Factory in China, Anti-fatigue Agent
Brief Introduction
Phenylpiracetam (development code: Carphedon; trade names: Phenotropil, Fonturacetam) is a phenyl analog of the classic nootropic Piracetam, modified by introducing a phenyl group at the 4th position of the pyrrolidinone ring. This structural modification significantly enhances its lipophilicity and blood-brain barrier penetration, resulting in several-fold higher potency compared to Piracetam. Phenylpiracetam not only exhibits significant cognition-enhancing effects but also demonstrates anti-fatigue, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, and most recently discovered metabolic regulatory activities, making it an important tool compound in neuroscience and metabolic disease research.
Key Scientific Value & Findings
🧠 Enhanced Nootropic Activity
As a member of subgroup 1 of racetam drugs, Phenylpiracetam exhibits higher potency than Piracetam and a broader range of indications. It is used in research on cognitive disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, cognitive function recovery after traumatic brain injury, as well as neurological conditions such as myoclonus epilepsy and tardive dyskinesia.
⚗️ Brain Imaging Agent Development
Recent studies explored the potential application of radioiodinated Phenylpiracetam ([¹³¹I]-PHPI) as a novel brain imaging agent. Biodistribution studies indicate that the [¹³¹I]-PHPI tracer highly concentrates in the target organ (brain), showing potential as a highly selective radiotracer for brain tumor imaging compared to commercially available tracers [⁹⁹ᵐTc]ECD and [⁹⁹ᵐTc]HMPAO.
🔬 Enantiomer-Specific Activity
The pharmacological activity of Phenylpiracetam is closely related to its stereochemistry. (4R)-phenylpiracetam ((R)-enantiomer) is the main active component responsible for cognition-enhancing effects. Studies confirm the pharmacological advantages of single enantiomers, justifying the choice of the most effective stereoisomer and the necessity for drug substance purification from the less active one(s).
Metabolic Regulation and Anti-Obesity Effects
Latest research published in 2024 revealed novel molecular mechanisms of Phenylpiracetam (Fonturacetam) in obesity treatment. Chemoreactomic analysis indicates that Phenylpiracetam exerts its therapeutic effects through multi-level regulation of targets controlling fat and carbohydrate metabolism:
✅ Activated Receptors
β3-adrenoceptors, adenosine receptors, glucagon-like peptide receptors, sphingosine phosphate receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARG)
🚫 Inhibited Receptors
Cannabinoid receptors, opioid receptors, histamine receptors, glutamate receptors, nociceptin receptors, neuropeptide Y receptors, orexin receptors
💡 These actions contribute to reducing excess appetite, preventing excessive body weight accumulation, and exhibiting lipotropic effects.
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❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is Phenylpiracetam and how does it differ from Piracetam?
Phenylpiracetam is a phenyl analog of Piracetam, modified by adding a phenyl group at the 4th position of the pyrrolidinone ring. This modification significantly enhances its lipophilicity and blood-brain barrier penetration, resulting in several-fold higher potency compared to the original Piracetam compound.
What are the main research applications of Phenylpiracetam?
Phenylpiracetam is primarily used in research on cognitive disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, traumatic brain injury recovery, myoclonus epilepsy, tardive dyskinesia, obesity and metabolic regulation, and as a potential brain tumor imaging agent. Its broad activity profile makes it a versatile tool compound in neuroscience and metabolic disease research.
How does Phenylpiracetam contribute to metabolic regulation and anti-obesity research?
According to 2024 research, Phenylpiracetam (Fonturacetam) acts through multi-level regulation of receptors involved in fat and carbohydrate metabolism. It activates β3-adrenoceptors, adenosine receptors, GLP receptors, and PPARG, while inhibiting cannabinoid, opioid, histamine, and orexin receptors — collectively reducing appetite and preventing excess body weight accumulation.
Which enantiomer of Phenylpiracetam is pharmacologically most active?
(4R)-phenylpiracetam, also known as the (R)-enantiomer, is identified as the main active component responsible for cognition-enhancing effects. Research supports the pharmacological superiority of this single enantiomer, highlighting the importance of stereochemical purity in the active pharmaceutical ingredient.
What is the significance of [¹³¹I]-PHPI in brain imaging research?
Radioiodinated Phenylpiracetam ([¹³¹I]-PHPI) has been studied as a novel brain imaging agent. Biodistribution studies show it highly concentrates in brain tissue, suggesting its potential as a selective radiotracer for brain tumor imaging. It demonstrates favorable characteristics compared to currently available commercial tracers such as [⁹⁹ᵐTc]ECD and [⁹⁹ᵐTc]HMPAO.
What trade names and development codes are associated with Phenylpiracetam?
Phenylpiracetam is known by the development code Carphedon and is marketed under the trade names Phenotropil and Fonturacetam. These names are frequently referenced in scientific literature and clinical research related to cognitive enhancement, metabolic regulation, and neurological disease studies.