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Aniracetam 72432-10-1 AMPA Receptor Modulator - High Purity Powder from China Suppliers & Factory
Brief Introduction
Aniracetam (development code: Ro 13-5057) is a pyrrolidinone-type cognition enhancer originally developed by Roche. As an important member of the racetam family, Aniracetam has demonstrated significant cognitive-enhancing effects in both preclinical and clinical studies, particularly showing therapeutic potential in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia following stroke and in Alzheimer's disease. Compared to the classic nootropic Piracetam, Aniracetam exhibits higher potency and a broader range of target sites.
Key Scientific Value & Findings
- 🔬 Positive Modulation of AMPA Receptors Aniracetam acts as a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptors. It both increases the peak amplitude and reduces the rate of decay of the ion current generated by AMPA, thereby enhancing glutamatergic neurotransmission. In cultured neurons, Aniracetam enhances AMPA-stimulated calcium influx.
- ⚡ Dual Mechanism of Action Research indicates that Aniracetam exerts a dual effect on glutamatergic transmission—modulation of NMDA receptor function at nanomolar concentrations and modulation of AMPA receptors at high micromolar concentrations. This concentration-dependent dual action makes it a uniquely valuable tool in neuroscience research.
- 🧠 Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Potential A 2024 study published in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease proposed the first evidence-based model for aniracetam reducing and preventing the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques. Aniracetam may prevent Aβ production and accumulation by increasing α-secretase activity through two distinct pathways: 1) increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression; and 2) positively modulating metabotropic glutamate receptors.
- 🌐 Broad Neuropsychiatric Effects Aniracetam has shown therapeutic potential in various rodent models of mental function impairment, including hypoattention, hypovigilance-arousal, impulsiveness, hyperactivity, fear, anxiety, and depression. These studies provide a basis for its application in research on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and other conditions.
- 💊 Modulation of Neurotransmitter Systems Aniracetam enhances cortical dopamine and serotonin release via cholinergic and glutamatergic mechanisms. Additionally, it promotes noradrenaline release in the hippocampus.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is Aniracetam and how does it differ from Piracetam?
Aniracetam (development code: Ro 13-5057) is a pyrrolidinone-type cognitive enhancer from the racetam family, originally developed by Roche. Compared to the classic nootropic Piracetam, Aniracetam exhibits significantly higher potency and acts on a broader range of molecular targets, including both AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors.
How does Aniracetam modulate AMPA receptors?
Aniracetam functions as a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptors. It increases the peak amplitude of AMPA-induced ion currents and slows their rate of decay, effectively enhancing glutamatergic neurotransmission. In cultured neuron studies, it has also been shown to enhance AMPA-stimulated calcium influx.
What is Aniracetam's dual mechanism of action?
Aniracetam exhibits a concentration-dependent dual mechanism: at nanomolar concentrations, it modulates NMDA receptor function; at high micromolar concentrations, it modulates AMPA receptors. This unique property makes it particularly valuable as a research tool in neuroscience for studying glutamatergic transmission.
What is the latest research on Aniracetam's potential against Alzheimer's disease?
A 2024 study in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease introduced the first evidence-based model suggesting Aniracetam may reduce and prevent amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque accumulation. The proposed mechanisms include increasing α-secretase activity via upregulation of BDNF expression and positive modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors.
What neuropsychiatric conditions is Aniracetam being studied for?
Preclinical rodent model studies have demonstrated Aniracetam's potential in addressing a wide range of neuropsychiatric conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), as well as symptoms such as impulsiveness, hyperactivity, fear, and hypoattention.
How does Aniracetam affect neurotransmitter systems beyond glutamate?
Beyond its well-known effects on the glutamatergic system, Aniracetam enhances the release of cortical dopamine and serotonin through cholinergic and glutamatergic mechanisms. It also promotes noradrenaline release in the hippocampus, indicating a multi-neurotransmitter modulatory profile that supports its broad neuropsychiatric research applications.